Very weak wave-like disturbances in the geometry of space and time produced by an accelerating, oscillating or violently disturbed mass, or systemDefinable part of the universe that can be open, closed, or isolated. An open system exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings. A closed system can only exchange energy with its surroundings; it has walls through which heat can pass. An isolated system cannot exchange energy or matter with of masses. The resulting gravitational radiation (or gravitational waves) waves ripple outwards through space, traveling at the speed of lightSpeed at which electromagnetic radiation propagates in a vacuum. Although referred to as the speed of light, this should be more properly called the 'speed of a massless particle’ as it is the speed at which all particles of zero mass (not only photons, but gravitons and massless neutrinos if. Gravitational waves vibrate in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which it is propagating. As they pass through a solid body, they will stretch it first along one direction (while compressing it at right angles to this direction) and then, similarly, in the plane perpendicular to this direction. There is strong indirect observational evidence that gravitational waves follow the predictions of General Relativity. Their weakness has made them undetectable by present instruments. The electromagnetic force between a hydrogenLightest and most common element in the universe (~92% by atoms; ~75% by mass). Hydrogen's isotopes are: • 1H (99.9885 %)
• 2H (0.0115 %), also called deuterium.
• 3H, also called Tritium, is a radioactive (t½ = 12.32 y) by-product of atmospheric thermonuclear tests in Earth's hydrosphere and atmosphere.
atom’s electron and proton is 2 x 1039 times stronger than their mutual gravitational attraction!
Some or all content above used with permission from J. H. Wittke.